| 1 | Breathing space | راحت یا مہلت کی مدت | A period of relief or respite; here, it refers to a short-term loan that provides Pakistan with some financial relief. |
| 2 | International Monetary Fund (IMF) | ایک بین الاقوامی تنظیم جو رکن ممالک کو مالی امداد اور اقتصادی مشورے فراہم کرتی ہے۔ | An international organization that provides financial assistance and economic advice to member countries; here, it refers to the organization that has provided the loan to Pakistan. |
| 3 | Stand-by arrangement (SBA) | آئی ایم ایف اور ایک رکن ملک کے درمیان ایک مالیاتی معاہدہ | A financial agreement between the IMF and a member country that allows the country to access funds quickly in case of economic need; here, it refers to the type of agreement Pakistan received from the IMF. |
| 4 | Extended Fund Facility (EFF) | ادائیگیوں کے توازن کے مسائل کا سامنا کرنے والے ممالک کو آئی ایم ایف کی طرف سے فراہم کردہ مالی انتظام | A financial arrangement provided by the IMF to countries facing balance of payments problems; here, it refers to the previous agreement that Pakistan had with the IMF before receiving the new loan. |
| 5 | Policy missteps | اقتصادی پالیسیوں کے نفاذ میں غلطیاں | Errors or mistakes in the implementation of economic policies; here, it refers to the IMF's assessment of some policy missteps made by Pakistan that contributed to economic challenges. |
| 6 | Leverage | فراہم کردہ مالی امداد کی وجہ سے قرض دہندہ کی طاقت یا اثر قرض لینے والے پر ہے | The power or influence a lender has over a borrower due to financial assistance provided; here, it refers to the control the IMF can exert over Pakistan's economic policies through the bailout programs. |
| 7 | Fiscal discipline | مستحکم مالی صورتحال کو برقرار رکھنے کے لیے حکومتی اخراجات کو منظم اور کنٹرول کرنے کی صلاحیت | The ability to manage and control government spending to maintain a stable fiscal situation; here, it refers to the need for Pakistan to exercise fiscal discipline to address economic challenges. |
| 8 | Market-determined exchange rate | ایک زر مبادلہ کی شرح جس کا تعین زرمبادلہ کی منڈی میں طلب اور رسد کی قوتوں سے ہوتا ہے۔ | An exchange rate that is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market; here, it refers to the IMF's suggestion for Pakistan to have a market-determined exchange rate. |
| 9 | Climate resilience | موسمیاتی تبدیلیوں کے اثرات کو ڈھالنے اور برداشت کرنے کی معیشت یا شعبے کی صلاحیت | The ability of an economy or sector to adapt and withstand the impacts of climate change; here, it refers to the need for reforms in the energy sector to promote climate resilience in Pakistan. |
| 10 | Business climate | ایک ملک میں کاروبار کے لیے مجموعی اقتصادی اور ریگولیٹری ماحول | The overall economic and regulatory environment for businesses in a country; here, it refers to the need for improvements in the business climate in Pakistan. |
| 11 | Injurious | نقصان دہ | Harmful or damaging; here, it describes certain conditions of the loan that may have negative effects on businesses and the public. |
| 12 | Inflationary pressure | بڑھتی ہوئی مہنگائی کی وجہ سے قیمتوں پر اوپر کا دباؤ | The upward pressure on prices caused by rising inflation; here, it refers to the IMF's requirement for the State Bank to remain proactive in dealing with inflation. |
| 13 | Rollovers | موجودہ قرضوں کی ری فنانسنگ یا تجدید کرکے قرض کی پختگی میں توسیع | The extension of debt maturities by refinancing or renewing existing debt; here, it refers to the need for Pakistan to secure rollovers to manage its debt payments. |
| 14 | Balance of payments stability | کسی ملک کے معاشی لین دین کے بیرونی مالیاتی لین دین کے ساتھ توازن میں ہونے کی حالت | The condition of a country's economic transactions being in balance with its external financial transactions; here, it refers to the need for Pakistan to maintain stability in its balance of payments. |
| 15 | Debt relief | قرض دہندگان کی طرف سے قرض کی جزوی یا مکمل معافی | The partial or complete forgiveness of debt by lenders; here, it refers to the possibility of Pakistan seeking debt relief from bilateral lenders. |
| 16 | Debt reprofiling | قرض کی شرائط و ضوابط میں ترمیم کرکے اس کی تنظیم نو | The restructuring of debt by modifying its terms and conditions; here, it refers to the option of seeking debt reprofiling to achieve long-term debt sustainability. |
| 17 | Boom-bust cycles | اقتصادی ترقی کے ادوار (بوم) کے بعد اقتصادی سکڑاؤ کے ادوار (بسٹ) | Periods of economic growth (boom) followed by periods of economic contraction (bust); here, it refers to the need to address the boom-bust cycles in Pakistan's economy. |
| 18 | Precarious | غیر مستحکم، خطرناک، یا غیر یقینی | Unstable, risky, or uncertain; here, it refers to the current economic crisis being one of the most unstable and risky situations for Pakistan. |
| 19 | Inflation | وہ شرح جس پر اشیاء اور خدمات کی قیمتوں کی عمومی سطح میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے، جس کے نتیجے میں پیسے کی قوت خرید میں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔ یہاں، اس سے مراد پاکستان میں مہنگائی کی بلند شرح ہے۔ | The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, resulting in a decrease in the purchasing power of money; here, it refers to the high inflation rate experienced in Pakistan. |
| 20 | Dirt cheap | انتہائی سستا یا سستا؛ یہاں، یہ کھلی منڈی میں کرنسی کی قیمت بہت کم ہونے کی وضاحت کرتا ہے۔ | Extremely cheap or inexpensive; here, it describes the value of the currency being very low in the open market. |
| 21 | Economic casualties | اقتصادی بحران کے منفی اثرات اور نتائج | The negative impacts and consequences of an economic crisis; here, it refers to the various negative effects of the current economic situation in Pakistan. |
| 22 | Joint qurbani | عید کے موقع پر جانوروں کی اجتماعی قربانی | A collective sacrifice of animals during Eid; here, it refers to multiple families sharing the cost of sacrificing cows to suit their budgets. |
| 23 | Demand slump | مانگ میں نمایاں کمی | A significant decline in demand; here, it refers to the decrease in demand for cattle during the Eidul Azha festival. |
| 24 | Footfall | کسی جگہ یا تقریب کا دورہ کرنے والے لوگوں کی تعداد | The number of people visiting a place or event; here, it refers to the low number of people visiting regular bazaars and malls during Eid. |
| 25 | Market shrinkage | مارکیٹ کے حجم میں کمی | A reduction in the size or volume of a market; here, it refers to the decrease in the size of the Bakra Eid market compared to previous years. |
| 26 | Cash-based trade | تجارت کی ایک قسم جس میں نقد لین دین شامل ہے۔ | A type of trade that involves cash transactions; here, it refers to the predominantly cash-based trade during the Bakra Eid festival. |
| 27 | Guesstimates | محدود معلومات پر مبنی ایک تعلیم یافتہ اندازہ یا تخمینہ | An educated guess or estimate based on limited information; here, it refers to the estimates made regarding the volume of the cattle market during Bakra Eid. |
| 28 | Sacrificial animals | وہ جانور جو قربان کیے جاتے ہیں۔ | Animals that are sacrificed during religious rituals; here, it refers to the animals sacrificed during Eidul Azha. |
| 29 | Cross-border influx | سرحدوں کے پار لوگوں یا سامان کی نقل و حرکت | The movement of people or goods across borders; here, it refers to the influx of cows from neighboring countries into Pakistan. |
| 30 | Tanneries | وہ سہولیات جہاں جانوروں کی کھالوں کو چمڑے میں پروسیس کیا جاتا ہے۔ | Facilities where animal hides are processed into leather; here, it refers to the industry that utilizes the hides collected during Eid. |
| 31 | Wastage | کسی قیمتی یا مفید چیز کا نقصان یا تباہی | Loss or destruction of something valuable or useful; here, it refers to the loss of valuable hides and skins due to low demand. |
| 32 | Organised collection | کچھ جمع کرنے کے لیے ایک منظم اور منصوبہ بند نظام | A structured and planned system for collecting something; here, it refers to a well-managed system for collecting and preserving hides. |
| 33 | Philanthropic arms | فلاحی تنظیمیں یا سیاسی جماعتوں کی شاخیں جو سماجی بہبود کی سرگرمیوں میں شامل ہیں | Charitable organizations or branches of political parties involved in social welfare activities; here, it refers to charitable wings of political parties that were previously involved in the collection of hides. |
| 34 | Supply chain | کسی شے کی پیداوار اور تقسیم میں شامل عمل کی ترتیب | The sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity; here, it refers to the flow of hides from collection to utilization by the leather industry. |
| 35 | Securities (Leveraged and Pledging) Rules | پاکستانی کیپٹل مارکیٹوں میں لیوریج پروڈکٹس، جیسے مارجن ٹریڈنگ اور مارجن فنانسنگ سسٹم کو کنٹرول کرنے والے قواعد۔ | Rules governing leverage products, such as margin trading and margin financing system, in the Pakistani capital markets. |
| 36 | Margin trading | اثاثہ جات کی تجارت کا ایک طریقہ ادھار فنڈز کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے ممکنہ فوائد کو بڑھانا | A method of trading assets using borrowed funds to amplify potential gains; here, it refers to the practice of margin trading in the Pakistani stock market. |
| 37 | Derivatives | مالی معاہدے جن کی قیمت ایک بنیادی اثاثہ کی کارکردگی سے اخذ ہوتی ہے | Financial contracts whose value is derived from the performance of an underlying asset; here, it refers to options and cash-settled futures introduced in other markets as alternatives to margin financing. |
| 38 | Rerating | کسی چیز کی قدر یا صلاحیت کو دوبارہ جانچنے کا عمل | The process of reassessing the value or potential of something; here, it refers to the positive impact on the Indian capital market after introducing options and cash-settled futures. |
| 39 | Participative markets | سرمایہ کاروں کی فعال اور متنوع شرکت کے ساتھ مارکیٹس | Markets with active and diverse participation from investors; here, it refers to the Pakistani stock market being perceived as one of the least participative markets globally. |
| 40 | Margin Trading System (MTS) | پاکستانی اسٹاک مارکیٹ میں ایک ایسا نظام جہاں اسٹاک کی تجارت لیوریج پر ہوتی ہے۔ یہاں، اس سے مراد مارکیٹ میں ٹرن اوور کا ایک اہم حصہ ہے جو MTS پر اسٹاکس سے آتا ہے۔ | A system in the Pakistani stock market where stocks are traded on leverage; here, it refers to a significant portion of turnover in the market coming from stocks on the MTS. |
| 41 | Boom-bust cycles | تیز رفتار ترقی (بوم) کے چکروں کو دہرانا جس کے بعد اچانک گر جانا یا گر جانا (بسٹ) | Repeating cycles of rapid growth (boom) followed by a sudden collapse or downturn (bust); here, it refers to the market's tendency to go through such cycles detached from economic performance. |
| 42 | Derivative exchange | ایک تبادلہ جو مالیاتی مشتقات کی تجارت میں مہارت رکھتا ہے۔ | An exchange that specializes in trading financial derivatives; here, it refers to the establishment of a separate exchange for derivatives in Pakistan. |
| 43 | Market liquidity | وہ آسانی جس کے ساتھ کسی اثاثے کی قیمت کو نمایاں طور پر متاثر کیے بغیر مارکیٹ میں خریدا یا فروخت کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ | The ease with which an asset can be bought or sold in the market without significantly impacting its price; here, it refers to encouraging individual investors to participate, leading to increased activity in the market. |
| 44 | Genuine buyers and sellers | جائز سرمایہ کار جو بنیادی تجزیہ کی بنیاد پر اثاثے خریدتے اور بیچتے ہیں۔ | Legitimate investors who buy and sell assets based on fundamental analysis; here, it refers to the impact of leveraged buyers compared to genuine buyers in the market. |
| 45 | Netting | متعدد لین دین میں نفع اور نقصانات کو پورا کرنے کا عمل | The process of offsetting gains and losses in multiple transactions; here, it refers to the possibility of netting gains and losses in the Pakistani market. |
| 46 | Uneven playing field | ایسی صورت حال جہاں کچھ شرکاء کو دوسروں کے مقابلے میں فوائد یا نقصانات ہوتے ہیں | A situation where some participants have advantages or disadvantages compared to others; here, it refers to the advantage of leveraged buyers over genuine buyers in the Pakistani capital markets. |
| 47 | Anti-level playing field | ایسی صورت حال جہاں مقابلہ تمام شرکاء کے لیے منصفانہ نہیں ہے۔ | A situation where the competition is not fair for all participants; here, it refers to the criticism of Rule 3(2) of the Leverage Market Rules allowing certain entities to act as authorised intermediaries. |
| 48 | FY23 | مالی سال 2023، جولائی 2022 سے جون 2023 تک کے مالی سال کا حوالہ دیتے ہوئے | Fiscal year 2023, referring to the financial year from July 2022 to June 2023. |
| 49 | FY24 | مالی سال 2024، جولائی 2023 کے بعد کے مالی سال کا حوالہ دیتے ہوئے | Fiscal year 2024, referring to the financial year from July 2023 onwards. |
| 50 | Joblessness | بے روزگاری یا نوکری کے بغیر ہونے کی حالت۔ | Unemployment or the state of being without a job. |
